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无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量研究

窦文悦,胡平,魏平,郑南宁

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第6期   页码 167-177 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.016

摘要：

无人驾驶汽车是人工智能技术的应用热点之一，随之而来的车辆安全事故引发了全社会关注；无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量成为人工智能安全领域亟待研究的课题。本文通过案例访谈收集定性资料，采用探索性的质性研究方法和扎根理论，对安全风险的关键要素进行识别与提炼，率先提出无人驾驶安全风险六要素框架：单车安全、联网安全、技术水平、法律政策、社会舆论、产业风险；完成问卷量表设计，进行两次网络问卷调查以收集必要数据，据此对安全风险要素进行度量验证。研究认为，为了有效应对未来无人驾驶的安全风险，企业应加强关键零部件的研发和制造，增强信息安全的建设和投入，参与行业标准和法律法规的制定，不做虚假宣传并积极维护新兴行业发展；政府应合理加强测试监管，加速颁布法规与制定标准，引导人才培养并防止人才流失；消费者应保持良好的驾驶与行车习惯，不盲从、不轻信夸张宣传。

关键词： 无人驾驶     安全风险     风险识别     风险度量    

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Risk Identification and Mitigation Strategies for Deepwater Oilfields Development

Bao-quan Yang,Li Yang,Fan-jie Shang,Xin Zhang,Chen-xi Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 356-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016057

摘要： Deepwater oilfields will become main sources of the world’s oil and gas production. It is characterized with high technology, huge investment, long duration, high risk and high profit. It is a huge system project, including exploration and appraising, field development plan (FDP) design, implementation, reservoir management and optimization. Actually, limited data, international environment and oil price will cause much uncertainty for FDP design and production management. Any unreasonable decision will cause huge loss. Thus, risk foreseeing and mitigation strategies become more important. This paper takes AKPO and EGINA as examples to analyze the main uncertainties, proposes mitigation strategies, and provides valuable experiences for the other deepwater oilfields development.

关键词： deepwater oilfield     field development plan     implementation     reservoir management     risk identification     mitigation strategies    

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基于全寿命周期的武器装备采办风险识别研究

李忠民,,汤淑春,李军4,陈健

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第12期   页码 49-53

摘要：

讨论了武器装备采办全寿命周期的概念，给出了武器装备采办全寿命周期风险识别的原则和程序；探讨了采办风险识别的方法，提出了全寿命周期各阶段风险识别方法的组合选择方案；在寿命周期各阶段识别方法的选择方案基础上，分析了寿命周期各阶段的风险，为武器装备采办全寿命周期风险的系统管理奠定了基础。

关键词： 风险识别     武器装备采办风险管理     全寿命周期    

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复杂环境下地铁施工安全风险自动识别与预警研究

丁烈云,周诚

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第12期   页码 85-93

摘要：

在地铁施工安全管理工作中，面临的一个突出问题是施工安全风险信息采集与利用不充分，施工全过程安全风险控制仍是一个“黑箱”控制。将信息技术用于地铁工程施工安全风险控制，主要包括：a. 针对施工前安全风险识别，提出利用计算机技术从工程图纸中自动识别施工安全风险的新方法，从而提高地铁施工安全知识的积累、共享和重用；b. 针对施工中安全风险预警，提出地铁施工安全风险信息融合与时空耦合的预警方法，有效支持动态定位和跟踪危险施工工序及部位；c. 针对高风险特殊区段施工，开发集自动监测、实时预警于一体的地铁施工安全集成控制技术，将预警信息及时发送给现场施工人员，便于及时有效的采取施工控制和应急措施，保障施工安全。本研究成果在全国多个城市地铁建设中成功应用。

关键词： 地铁施工安全     风险自动识别     信息融合预警     风险时空耦合     风险实时感知    

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Identification and ranking of the risky organic contaminants in the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir

Qingwei BU, Donghong WANG, Zijian WANG, Junnong GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 42-53 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0499-y

摘要： The Danjiangkou reservoir was selected to provide the source water for the middle routes of the South to North Water Transfer Project, which has provoked many environmental concerns. To date, investigations of water contamination of the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir with organic micro-pollutants have been limited. This study was conducted to identify and rank organic contaminants that pose risks in the Danjiangkou reservoir. To this end, the Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Management Strategies (CHEMS-1) approach was adapted to integrate the deconvolution technology of qualitative identifying contaminants for site-specific environmental matrices. The samples were screened for the presence of 1093 contaminants using deconvolution technologies and the hazard values of the identified contaminants were calculated using the adapted CHEMS-1 approach according to their hazardous properties and occurrence in source water. The results showed that 46 contaminants from 1093 targets were present in Danjiangkou water, 23 of which appeared at frequencies higher than 50%, and 15 of which were identified as priorities. Over half (53%) of the high-ranked contaminants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with chrysene ranked highest on the list. Health risk assessment of the top-ranked PAHs was conducted and revealed that cancer risks of PAHs detected in the source water of Danjiangkou to different populations ranged from 10 to 10 , indicating a low cancer risk to consumers. The results of this study indicated that the adapted CHEMS-1 approach was feasible for site-specific screening of organic contaminants to identify and rank potential priority pollutants.

关键词： identification and ranking     source water     deconvolution     risk assessment     Danjiangkou     South to North Water Transfer Project    

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数量工程技术在南京长江隧道工程中风险辨别及事故防范的应用研究

钱维,金先龙,沈建奇

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第10期   页码 22-30

摘要：

以南京长江隧道工程为背景，提出了基于数量工程技术的风险提示及事故防范方法，即运用数值仿真方法，借助超级计算机的并行计算能力，建立盾构机进出洞，盾构机穿越长江大堤及穿越江中最浅覆土层，两台盾构机同时施工影响，盾构机穿越复合土层等工程关键问题的数量分析模型。基于该模型，对地表沉降过大、盾构机姿态偏移、开挖面失稳等工程风险进行了提示；分析了风险产生的机理、后果；提出了事故防范的措施，评价和验证了防范措施的有效性和合理性。

关键词： 南京长江隧道     数量工程技术     风险辨别与防范    

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Identification of surgical patients at high risk of OSAS using the Berlin Questionnaire to detect potentialhigh risk of adverse respiratory events in post anesthesia care unit

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 189-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0533-8

摘要：

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) increases the risk of post-surgery complications. This study uses Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) to identify Chinese adult surgical patients who are at a high risk of OSAS and to determine if the BQ could be used to detect potential high risk of adverse respiratory events in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results indicated that only 11.4% of the patients were considered at a high risk of OSAS. Age and body mass index are the key factors for the risk of OSAS prevalence in China and also gender specific. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse respiratory events in the PACU was higher in patients with high risk of OSAS than others (6.8% vs. 0.9%, <0.001). They also stayed longer than others in the PACU (95±28 min vs. 62±19 min, <0.001). Age, high risk for OSAS, and smoking were independent risk factors for the occurrence of adverse respiratory events in the PACU. The BQ may be adopted as a screening tool for anesthesiologists in China to identify patients who are at high risk of OSAS and determine the potential risk of developing postoperative respiratory complications in the PACU.

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea     Berlin Questionnaire     Chinese surgical patients     adverse respiratory event    

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Variational mode decomposition based modal parameter identification in civil engineering

Mingjie ZHANG, Fuyou XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 1082-1094 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0537-3

摘要： An out-put only modal parameter identification method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) is developed for civil structure identifications. The recently developed VMD technique is utilized to decompose the free decay response (FDR) of a structure into to modal responses. A novel procedure is developed to calculate the instantaneous modal frequencies and instantaneous modal damping ratios. The proposed identification method can straightforwardly extract the mode shape vectors using the modal responses extracted from the FDRs at all available sensors on the structure. A series of numerical and experimental case studies are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and highlight the superiority of the proposed method in modal parameter identification using both free vibration and ambient vibration data. The results of the present method are compared with those of the empirical mode decomposition-based method, and the superiorities of the present method are verified. The proposed method is proved to be efficient and accurate in modal parameter identification for both linear and nonlinear civil structures, including structures with closely spaced modes, sudden modal parameter variation, and amplitude-dependent modal parameters, etc.

关键词： modal parameter identification     variational mode decomposition     civil structure     nonlinear system     closely spaced modes    

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Non-convex sparse optimization-based impact force identification with limited vibration measurements

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0762-2

摘要： Impact force identification is important for structure health monitoring especially in applications involving composite structures. Different from the traditional direct measurement method, the impact force identification technique is more cost effective and feasible because it only requires a few sensors to capture the system response and infer the information about the applied forces. This technique enables the acquisition of impact locations and time histories of forces, aiding in the rapid assessment of potentially damaged areas and the extent of the damage. As a typical inverse problem, impact force reconstruction and localization is a challenging task, which has led to the development of numerous methods aimed at obtaining stable solutions. The classical ℓ2 regularization method often struggles to generate sparse solutions. When solving the under-determined problem, ℓ2 regularization often identifies false forces in non-loaded regions, interfering with the accurate identification of the true impact locations. The popular ℓ1 sparse regularization, while promoting sparsity, underestimates the amplitude of impact forces, resulting in biased estimations. To alleviate such limitations, a novel non-convex sparse regularization method that uses the non-convex ℓ1−2 penalty, which is the difference of the ℓ1 and ℓ2 norms, as a regularizer, is proposed in this paper. The principle of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is introduced to tackle the non-convex model by facilitating the decomposition of the complex original problem into easily solvable subproblems. The proposed method named ℓ1−2-ADMM is applied to solve the impact force identification problem with unknown force locations, which can realize simultaneous impact localization and time history reconstruction with an under-determined, sparse sensor configuration. Simulations and experiments are performed on a composite plate to verify the identification accuracy and robustness with respect to the noise of the ℓ1−2-ADMM method. Results indicate that compared with other existing regularization methods, the ℓ1−2-ADMM method can simultaneously reconstruct and localize impact forces more accurately, facilitating sparser solutions, and yielding more accurate results.

关键词： impact force identification     inverse problem     sparse regularization     under-determined condition     alternating direction method of multipliers    

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基于全产业链视角的粮食安全风险识别与管控策略

梅旭荣 ,张琳 ,袁龙江 ,胡向东 ,谢玲红 ,吴孔明 ,王国刚 ,王晓君

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第4期   页码 39-49 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.008

摘要： project:Chinese Academy of Engineering project “Strategic Research on National Food Safety Risk

关键词： 粮食安全风险；管控策略；风险管控体系；全产业链    

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The research on structural damage identification using rough set and integrated neural network

Juelong LI, Hairui LI, Jianchun XING, Qiliang YANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第3期   页码 305-310 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0259-5

摘要：

A huge amount of information and identification accuracy in large civil engineering structural damage identification has not been addressed yet. To efficiently solve this problem, a new damage identification method based on rough set and integrated neural network is first proposed. In brief, rough set was used to reduce attributes so as to decrease spatial dimensions of data and extract effective features. And then the reduced attributes will be put into the sub-neural network. The sub-neural network can give the preliminary diagnosis from different aspects of damage. The decision fusion network will give the final damage identification results. The identification examples show that this method can simplify the redundant information to reduce the neural network model, making full use of the range of information to effectively improve the accuracy of structural damage identification.

关键词： rough set     integrated neural network     damage identification     decision making fusion    

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Mechanical design, modeling, and identification for a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0691-5

摘要： This study traces the development of dexterous hand research and proposes a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous finger mechanism to improve the safety of dexterous hand in unpredictable environments, such as unstructured or man-made operational errors through comprehensive consideration of cost, accuracy, manufacturing, and application. Based on the concept of mechanical passive compliance, which is widely implemented in robots for interactions, a finger is dedicated to improving mechanical robustness. The finger mechanism not only achieves passive compliance against physical impacts, but also implements the variable stiffness actuator principle in a compact finger without adding supererogatory actuators. It achieves finger stiffness adjustability according to the biologically inspired stiffness variation principle of discarding some mobilities to adjust stiffness. The mechanical design of the finger and its stiffness adjusting methods are elaborated. The stiffness characteristics of the finger joint and the actuation unit are analyzed. Experimental results of the finger joint stiffness identification and finger impact tests under different finger stiffness presets are provided to verify the validity of the model. Fingers have been experimentally proven to be robust against physical impacts. Moreover, the experimental part verifies that fingers have good power, grasping, and manipulation performance.

关键词： multifingered hand     mechanism design     robot safety     variable stiffness actuator    

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Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1612-5

摘要：

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.

关键词： Emerging contaminants     Microplastics     Environment risk     Health effect    

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Damage identification in connections of moment frames using time domain responses and an optimization

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 851-866 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0739-3

摘要： Damage is defined as changes to the material and/or geometric properties of a structural system, comprising changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, adversely affecting the system’s performance. Inspecting the elements of structures, particularly critical components, is vital to evaluate the structural lifespan and safety. In this study, an optimization-based method for joint damage identification of moment frames using the time-domain responses is introduced. The beam-to-column connection in a metallic moment frame structure is modeled by a zero-length rotational spring at both ends of the beam element. For each connection, an end-fixity factor is specified, which changes between 0 and 1. Then, the problem of joint damage identification is converted to a standard optimization problem. An objective function is defined using the nodal point accelerations extracted from the damaged structure and an analytical model of the structure in which the nodal accelerations are obtained using the Newmark procedure. The optimization problem is solved by an improved differential evolution algorithm (IDEA) for identifying the location and severity of the damage. To assess the capability of the proposed method, two numerical examples via different damage scenarios are considered. Then, a comparison between the proposed method and the existing damage identification method is provided. The outcomes reveal the high efficiency of the proposed method for finding the severity and location of joint damage considering noise effects.

关键词： damage identification     beam-to-column connection     time-domain response     optimization    

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Inverse identification of the mechanical parameters of a pipeline hoop and analysis of the effect of

Ye GAO, Wei SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第3期   页码 358-368 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0539-9

摘要： To create a dynamic model of a pipeline system effectively and analyze its vibration characteristics, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the pipeline hoop, such as support stiffness and damping under dynamic load, must be obtained. In this study, an inverse method was developed by utilizing measured vibration data to identify the support stiffness and damping of a hoop. The procedure of identifying such parameters was described based on the measured natural frequencies and amplitudes of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of a pipeline system supported by two hoops. A dynamic model of the pipe-hoop system was built with the finite element method, and the formulas for solving the FRF of the pipeline system were provided. On the premise of selecting initial values reasonably, an inverse identification algorithm based on sensitivity analysis was proposed. A case study was performed, and the mechanical parameters of the hoop were identified using the proposed method. After introducing the identified values into the analysis model, the reliability of the identification results was validated by comparing the predicted and measured FRFs of the pipeline. Then, the developed method was used to identify the support stiffness and damping of the pipeline hoop under different preloads of the bolts. The influence of preload was also discussed. Results indicated that the support stiffness and damping of the hoop exhibited frequency-dependent characteristics. When the preloads of the bolts increased, the support stiffness increased, whereas the support damping decreased.

关键词： inverse identification     pipeline hoop     frequency response function     mechanical parameters     preload    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量研究

窦文悦,胡平,魏平,郑南宁

期刊论文

Risk Identification and Mitigation Strategies for Deepwater Oilfields Development

Bao-quan Yang,Li Yang,Fan-jie Shang,Xin Zhang,Chen-xi Li

期刊论文

基于全寿命周期的武器装备采办风险识别研究

李忠民,,汤淑春,李军4,陈健

期刊论文

复杂环境下地铁施工安全风险自动识别与预警研究

丁烈云,周诚

期刊论文

Identification and ranking of the risky organic contaminants in the source water of the Danjiangkou reservoir

Qingwei BU, Donghong WANG, Zijian WANG, Junnong GU

期刊论文

数量工程技术在南京长江隧道工程中风险辨别及事故防范的应用研究

钱维,金先龙,沈建奇

期刊论文

Identification of surgical patients at high risk of OSAS using the Berlin Questionnaire to detect potentialhigh risk of adverse respiratory events in post anesthesia care unit

null

期刊论文

Variational mode decomposition based modal parameter identification in civil engineering

Mingjie ZHANG, Fuyou XU

期刊论文

Non-convex sparse optimization-based impact force identification with limited vibration measurements

期刊论文

基于全产业链视角的粮食安全风险识别与管控策略

梅旭荣 ,张琳 ,袁龙江 ,胡向东 ,谢玲红 ,吴孔明 ,王国刚 ,王晓君

期刊论文

The research on structural damage identification using rough set and integrated neural network

Juelong LI, Hairui LI, Jianchun XING, Qiliang YANG

期刊论文

Mechanical design, modeling, and identification for a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous

期刊论文

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

期刊论文

Damage identification in connections of moment frames using time domain responses and an optimization

期刊论文

Inverse identification of the mechanical parameters of a pipeline hoop and analysis of the effect of

Ye GAO, Wei SUN

期刊论文